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Computer hardware
1.What is a computer?
Ans.A computer is an electronic data processing machine which accepts data and instructions through an input unit. It has the ability to process the data into meaningful information in the desired form.
2.Write the primary functions of the computer system.
Ans.
i)It holds all the components of a computer together and protects the sensitive electronic
parts from outside elements.
ii)It uses common storage for all or a part of a program and also for all or a part of the data necessary for the execution of a program.
iii)It executes user-written or user-designated programs.
It performs user-designated data manipulation, including arithmetical and logical operations.
3.What is data?
Ans.Data is a collection of raw facts and figures which are fed into a computer system.
4.What is the information?
Ans.Information is the output from a computer system.
5.Define hardware.
Ans.Hardware refers to the physical devices of a computer system. It represents various components and equipments of a computer system.
Example:All input and output devices, storage devices, controlling and processing units are hardware.
6.Define software.
Ans.Software refers to the set of computer programs, procedures and associated documents that describe how a computer should work. It is a collection of programs that aims at directing the computer's hardware to perform a task.
Example: Microsoft office-word,excel,powerpoint etc.
7.What is system software?
Ans.A system software is also known as the system package. It is a set of one or more programs designed to control the operations of a computer system. These programs do not solve specific problems but provide a platform to assist the use of a computer system by performing specific tasks.
Example: Windows,Mac os,Linux etc.
8.What is application software?
Ans.An application software or application is a set of one or more programs designed to carry out specific tasks such as creating documents, presentations, etc. It allows the computer to perform useful tasks beyond the running of the system itself.
Example: Microsoft office-word,excel,powerpoint etc.
9.Write the relationship between hardware and software?
Ans.
i)Hardware refers to all the visible devices which are assembled together to build a computer system.
ii)Software refers to the computer programs that are loaded into a computer system.
iii)The blending of software and hardware gives life to a computer system.
iv)Though hardware is the physical part of a computer, it is nothing Junless it has a software to control it.
10.Write Difference between hardware and software.
11.How many types of hardware are available in computing system?
Ans. There are 2 types of hardware 1.Internal Hardware
2. External hardware.
12.What is Internal hardware? Give example?
Ans.The hardware components that are present inside a CPU or installed within a computer are called internal hardware. It consists of the following components.
Example: Central processing unit,SMPS,Motherboard etc.
13.What is CPU?
Ans.The central processing unit is an integral part of a computer system. It processes all the instructions received by the software running on the computer. It is mainly integrated with a microprocessor and the memory unit.
14.How many parts are available in CPU?
The microprocessor consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Control Unit (CU). The central processing unit includes three main parts that regulate the working of the entire system. They are:
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Control Unit (CU)
Memory Unit.
15.Why CPU is called “brain of computer”?
Ans.Like in a human body, the brain takes all the decisions and thus we are able to perform the tasks or actions.Similarly, in a computer system, all the decisions are taken by the central processing unit. That is why CPU is also called as the 'Brain of the Computer.
16.What is ALU?
Ans.The computer performs all arithmetic and logical operations through this unit. An arithmetical operation includes addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical operations of all types of comparisons.
17.What is Control Unit?
Ans.The control unit controls each and every part of the computer system along with the peripherals. It retrieves data and instructions from the memory and sends the commands to various parts of the computer system.
18.What is Memory Unit?
Ans.The data and instructions which are entered into the computer system through input units have to be stored inside the computer before the actual processing starts. It is the primary memory unit which is designed to cater to all these needs.
19.What is byte?
A byte is the smallest unit of storage in computer technology. It consists of 8 binary digits (bits).
20.What is bit?
Ans.A bit means a binary digit that is represented by either 0 (zero) or 1 (one).
21.What is Nibble?
Ans. A group of 4 bits is called one nibble.
22.Write some main function of CPU?
Ans.
1.It stores data and instructions in memory which can be accessed for processing.
2.It processes data to give meaningful results. ALU
3.It controls each and every operation of the computer including the operations of all its peripherals.
23.What is Primary memory?
Ans.Primary memory is the main memory of a computer. This computer memory directly by the CPU. It has a faster access time and a smaller storage capacity with respect to the secondary memory of the system.
24.What is RAM?
Ans.RAM is a form of computer memory where the operating system, application programs and data in current use are stored. These programs can be quickly accessed by the computer's processor. It is smaller than the hard disk, both in physical size and the amount of data it can store.
25.What is ROM?
ROM is the memory on be written on it. The programs stored are not erased when the system is switched off. Thus, it is also called non-volatile Output System), bootstrap loader, CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor).
26.Differences between Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).
Ans.
27.Define Secondary Memory?
Ans.The secondary memory is the unit where data or information can be stored for future use. It has a higher capacity as compare to the main memory (primary memory). These are the peripheral devices of a computer system used for the storage and retrieval of information on a computer.
28.Write a short notes on hard disk.
Ans. This is one of the most useful, reliable and popular secondary storage devices. It consists of a number of circular metallic plates coated with iron oxide. These plates (disks) are mounted on a common spindle which is rotated at a high speed (approx. 3600 revolutions per minute). The data is recorded on the disks through the read-write head, which resembles a record player.
29.What is an optical disc?
Ans.An optical disc refers to a portable secondary storage device. The word 'optical' means storing data digitally that uses low-powered laser beams, transmitted from a laser head mounted on an optical disc drive to read and write data.
30.Differences between Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.
31.What is Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)?
Ans.SMPS is a small box placed at the back of a computer's cabinet. It is a power supply box that provides regulated power to the computer system. The main advantage of SMPS is that it activates the working of a computer at minimum power loss.
32.Define Motherboard?
Ans.Motherboard is also referred to as the Main Circuit Board, Baseboard or System Board. It is placed inside the computer's cabinet. It is a printed circuit board that contains processor, Integrated circuit (IC) chips, memory devices and other hardware components.
33.Define Communication Ports?
Ans. They are the connecting nodes used to connect the peripheral devices with the processor. They act as a bridge between the external devices and the CPU for data communication. The different types of ports available in computers.
34.What is Serial Port?
Serial port is used to supply data serially, i.e., bit by bit. It uses a single wire for communication. If an eight- bit-pattern of bits or a byte is to be transferred, then it does it in eight tries. This Serial Port Connector port takes much time to transfer data, i.e., it takes eight times longer to transfer a byte.
35.What is IC?
Ans.Placement of various electronic components like transistors or diodes in a small chip is known
as IC.
36.What is Load Current?
Ans.Load current is the current required during the power consumption by a component.
37.Define Parallel Port.
This type of port is available with a 24 pins female connector and capable to transmit eight bit signals at a time, i.e., the bits travel parallel to each other. The transfer rate is eight times faster than a serial port. This port is used to connect CD-writers, scanners, printers, hard disks, etc.
38.What is USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port?
Ans.This port is specially designed to connect printers, plotters, mouse, joystick, pen drives, digital cameras, etc. with a single plug arrangement. It avoids pin configuration of the ports.
39.Define Modem.
Ans. If the incoming signal is an analog signal then we need an intermediate device that converts analog signals to digital signals and vice-versa. Thus, a modem is a device that modulates outgoing digital signals from a computer or other digital devices to analog signals.
40.How many types of modems are available in the market and write their name?
Ans. There are 3 types of modems available in the market. Those are:
i)Internal modem
ii)External modem
iii)USB modem
41. What is Internal Modem?
Ans.An internal modem is attached to the internal slot of the motherboard. These modems are categorized as full duplex and half duplex modems which are used for fax and internet communications.
42.What is External Modem?
Ans.External modem is a small box connected to the communication port of a computer. It works similar to the internal modem. The only difference is that the external modem is placed outside the CPU box.
43.Define USB Modem?
Ans.The term 'USB modem' refers to any type of data/ fax/voice modem device which can be connected to a computer using the USB port. The term is commonly used for a specific portable device that looks similar to a USB flash drive but is smaller in size.
44.What is Analog signal?
Ans.An analog signal is a continuous signal to represent any information. It produces a smooth and continuous curve. These signals are commonly used in communication systems that convey voice, data, image, etc.
45.What is a digital signal?
Ans.Digital signals are not continuous and represented by binary numbers 0's (absence of signal) and 1's (presence of signal).
46.What is Duplex?
The half duplex mode is two-way directional communication where the sender can send and receive the data one at a time.
47.What is full Duplex?
Ans.in full duplex mode, the sender can send and receive the data simultaneously.
example:Telephone
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